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                <h3 id="Cockpit-基于Web的Linux管理工具的安装和使用教程"><a href="#Cockpit-基于Web的Linux管理工具的安装和使用教程" class="headerlink" title="Cockpit - 基于Web的Linux管理工具的安装和使用教程"></a>Cockpit - 基于Web的Linux管理工具的安装和使用教程</h3><h3 id="一、基本介绍"><a href="#一、基本介绍" class="headerlink" title="一、基本介绍"></a>一、基本介绍</h3><h4 id="1，什么是-Cockpit？"><a href="#1，什么是-Cockpit？" class="headerlink" title="1，什么是 Cockpit？"></a>1，什么是 Cockpit？</h4><p>（1）<strong>Cockpit</strong> 是一个免费且开源的基于 <strong>web</strong> 的 <strong>Linux</strong> 服务器管理工具并且在 <strong>CentOS 8</strong> 和 <strong>RHEL  8</strong> 中，<strong>Cockpit</strong> 更是成为其默认服务器管理工具。</p>
<p>（2）通过 <strong>Cockpit</strong> 提供的友好的 <strong>Web</strong> 前端界面可以轻松地监视和管理我们的 <strong>GNU</strong>&#x2F;<strong>Linux</strong> 服务器，执行诸如存储管理、网络配置、检查日志、虚拟机管理等任务。</p>
<h4 id="2，Cockpit-的功能和特点"><a href="#2，Cockpit-的功能和特点" class="headerlink" title="2，Cockpit 的功能和特点"></a>2，Cockpit 的功能和特点</h4><ul>
<li><strong>Cockpit</strong> 使用 <strong>systemd</strong> 完成从运行守护进程到服务几乎所有的功能</li>
<li>集中式管理，通过一个会话窗口管理网络中的所有 <strong>Linux</strong> 服务器</li>
<li>创建和管理 <strong>KVM</strong>、<strong>oVirt</strong> 虚拟机</li>
<li>包括 <strong>LVM</strong> 在内的存储配置</li>
<li>基本的网络配置管理</li>
<li>用户 <strong>user account</strong> 管理</li>
<li>基于 <strong>web</strong> 的终端</li>
<li>图形化的系统性能展示</li>
<li>使用 <strong>sosreport</strong> 收集系统配置和诊断信息</li>
<li>支持 <strong>Debian</strong>、<strong>Redhat</strong>、<strong>CentOS</strong>、<strong>Fedora</strong>、<strong>Atomic</strong>、<strong>Arch</strong> <strong>Linux</strong> 和 <strong>Ubuntu</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>更多的Cockpit控制台扩展插件请查看官方列表：<a class="link"   target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cockpit-project.org/applications.html" >https://cockpit-project.org/applications.html<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p>
<h3 id="二、安装配置"><a href="#二、安装配置" class="headerlink" title="二、安装配置"></a>二、安装配置</h3><h4 id="1，安装-dnf"><a href="#1，安装-dnf" class="headerlink" title="1，安装 dnf"></a>1，安装 dnf</h4><p>  我们需要使用 <strong>dnf</strong> 命令安装 <strong>Cockpit</strong>，但 <strong>CentOS 7</strong> 并不包含该命令，需要按照如下步骤进行安装。而对于 <strong>CentOS 8</strong> 自带了 <strong>dnf</strong>，则可以跳过此步骤。</p>
<p>（1）所以首先执行如下命令安装并启用 <strong>epel-release</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install epel-release</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（2）接着执行如下命令安装 <strong>dnf</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install dnf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（3）安装完毕后执行如下命令查看是否安装成功：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dnf --version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="2，安装-Cockpit"><a href="#2，安装-Cockpit" class="headerlink" title="2，安装 Cockpit"></a>2，安装 Cockpit</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">安装kvm</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yum install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-daemon virt-install virt-manager libvirt-dbus</span><br><span class="line">systemctl start libvirtd.service</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">注意：如果访问虚拟机，点击虚拟机Create VM按钮是灰色的，就表示没有安装virt-install包</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（1）首先执行如下命令安装 <strong>Cockpit</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dnf install cockpit cockpit-machines</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（2）安装完毕后执行如下命令启动 <strong>Cockpit</strong> 服务并设置为自动启动：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl start cockpit.socket</span><br><span class="line">systemctl enable cockpit.socket</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（3）接着执行如下命令查看是否启动成功：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl status cockpit.socket</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（4）由于 <strong>Cockpit</strong> 默认使用的是 <strong>9090</strong> 端口，执行如下命令打开这个端口：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=9090/tcp</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  (5) 修改默认端口（可选）</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">默认cockpit使用的是9090端口，所以我这里将9090端口改成9290</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sed -i s#9090#9290# /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">修改完成后重启服务并添加开机自启</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart cockpit.socket</span><br><span class="line">systemctl enable cockpit.socket</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h4 id="三、使用说明"><a href="#三、使用说明" class="headerlink" title="三、使用说明"></a>三、使用说明</h4><p>浏览器访问 <strong>http:&#x2F;&#x2F;服务器IP:9090</strong>，打开 <strong>Cockpit</strong> 的 <strong>Web</strong> 界面，输入用户密码后登录。</p>
<p><img  
                     lazyload
                     alt="image"
                     data-src="https://gitee.com/lucky0915/pic-bed/raw/master/img/202303291345530.png"
                      alt="Snipaste_2023-03-29_13-38-37"
                ></p>
<p>登录后首先展示的是系统概览界面，从这里可以快速查看系统的各项信息，如性能使用情况、系统信息、配置等等。</p>
<p><img  
                     lazyload
                     alt="image"
                     data-src="https://gitee.com/lucky0915/pic-bed/raw/master/img/202303291347318.png"
                      alt="Snipaste_2023-03-29_13-39-03"
                ></p>
<h4 id="虚拟机的使用"><a href="#虚拟机的使用" class="headerlink" title="虚拟机的使用"></a>虚拟机的使用</h4><p><img  
                     lazyload
                     alt="image"
                     data-src="https://gitee.com/lucky0915/pic-bed/raw/master/img/202303291348683.png"
                      alt="Snipaste_2023-03-29_13-39-47"
                ></p>
<h5 id="1、创建网桥"><a href="#1、创建网桥" class="headerlink" title="1、创建网桥"></a>1、创建网桥</h5><p>以前我们都是手动创建桥，有了cockpit直接在页面点一点就创建好了。</p>
<p>在网络中点击添加网桥，设置名称br0，选择ens192上网的端口，最后点击确定就创建成功了</p>
<h5 id="2、修改默认kvm存储池"><a href="#2、修改默认kvm存储池" class="headerlink" title="2、修改默认kvm存储池"></a>2、修改默认kvm存储池</h5><p>注意：kvm存储池默认存放在&#x2F;var&#x2F;lib&#x2F;libvirt&#x2F;images，也就是说，你所创建的虚拟机会生成在该目录下，建议挂载大磁盘空间，单独存放。</p>
<p>修改kvm存储池方法有很多种，我这里使用ln软连接来实现，我这里将libvirt整个目录软链存放在&#x2F;data&#x2F;kvm下。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -p /data/kvm</span><br><span class="line">mv /var/lib/libvirt /data/kvm/</span><br><span class="line">ln -sv /data/kvm/libvirt /var/lib/libvirt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="3、创建镜像目录上传镜像"><a href="#3、创建镜像目录上传镜像" class="headerlink" title="3、创建镜像目录上传镜像"></a>3、创建镜像目录上传镜像</h5><p>我这里单独创建个目录用于存放ISO镜像包。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -p /data/iso</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我这里上传了一个CentOS-7.9-x86_64-Minimal-2009.iso镜像包</p>
<h5 id="4、创建虚拟机"><a href="#4、创建虚拟机" class="headerlink" title="4、创建虚拟机"></a>4、创建虚拟机</h5><p>登录web控制台，点击虚拟机，右上角点击Create VM</p>
<p>接下来就是系统安装的流程了，没什么可讲的。</p>

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